18.02.2022, 10:45   #1

Recordings in Zoological Gardens

Hello

Lately, I’ve been reflecting on photography in zoos.
This was sparked by a comment from Günter:
“If you’re going to photograph animals in a zoo, then do it in a way that doesn’t make it look like a zoo.” Now, I keep wondering, “Why is that?” Why should a photo of an animal in a zoo look like it was taken in the wild? What’s wrong with showing that the animal is actually living in a zoo?
Personally, I decided years ago to stop visiting zoos. That decision came after seeing a cheetah at Wilhelma pacing in circles along the fence all day. I believe it’s important to show the real environment in such cases.
Without knowing the photographer’s background and motivation, it’s hard to make a blanket statement.
  What are your thoughts?
  I don’t want to be misunderstood here. This isn’t a criticism of Günter’s comment. I can understand where he’s coming from and have felt the same way myself. But his words have made me think.
  Best regards, Andreas
18.02.2022, 11:51   #2
Profilfoto
Dirk Peschen

@Andreas Friedrichs
To be honest, I always find pictures of animals in "captivity" a bit frustrating. This is especially true for big cats and bears, but monkeys often seem lethargic to me as well.
I actually like Günter’s approach, and it’s definitely doable for many photos, but it doesn’t really change the impression the animals give me.
Of course, not everyone can or wants to splurge on a safari to photograph the "big five." Overall, photography in zoos is always a compromise. There are some truly great shots, no doubt, but many just come across as carelessly "snapped."
I once chatted with a photographer at the zoo. He had already taken his spot at the monkey rock when I arrived and patiently waited as I was about to leave. We talked a bit, and he proudly showed me his "haul." He was using a long zoom lens, about 150-400mm full-frame equivalent, on an APS-C camera. He had taken shots that were real eye-catchers. None of them looked like typical zoo photos. The wide aperture really made the animals stand out, and the pictures felt natural, as if they could have been taken in the wild.
He told me he usually only manages one or two enclosures a day. You just have to be patient and wait for the right moment. His photos absolutely proved him right.
 
18.02.2022, 14:24   #3

Hobbyfotograf

I’ve never really connected with footage from zoos, which is why I rarely comment on it. However, my perspective has changed over the years. As a city kid, I enjoyed visiting the zoo. It was a welcome escape from the urban environment. Zoos offered trees, greenery, meadows, parks, and of course, animals in settings that felt more or less “natural.”

But now, after living in the countryside for over 40 years—truly out in the country, far from any residential areas—my perception has shifted. The wild animals common in Europe roam through my garden, sheep graze on vast pastures, and from my desk, I watch squirrels stockpile their winter supplies. Because of this, zoos now feel cramped to me. That sense of confinement carries over into animal footage as well.
Best, Leo
18.02.2022, 15:55   #4
Profilfoto
Günter Rudi Herzel

Around 1995, we were filming an episode for Peter Lustig at the Berlin Zoo, focusing on snakes. During a break, right next to us was the wolf enclosure. A large wolf kept pacing in circles, and sometimes he would stop at the fence and look at me with a heart-wrenching, sorrowful gaze. I'll never forget that. I've never been to a zoo since, which is why I view these zoo photos with mixed feelings.
31.03.2022, 08:07   #5

Amateur photographer

Well, keeping animals in zoos is definitely a complex issue that can be debated endlessly without reaching a satisfying or conclusive answer. In the end, it’s always just a matter of "opinions" (kind of like poorly captioned photos 🙂 ).
On one hand, these animals aren’t used to anything else since wild capture is now rare; most are born in the zoo. And they are very well cared for. In good zoos, they live without much stress. Especially large zoos, like the one in Berlin, are constantly building bigger and more engaging enclosures for the animals. You won’t find wolves just pacing in circles anymore.

It’s a different story out in the wild. Humans have managed to restrict or completely take away their habitats almost everywhere on Earth. They fight for survival every day... and it’s worth asking whether that’s really an ideal situation...

We ourselves often keep dogs, cats, rabbits, birds, and hamsters in cramped and poor conditions. Horses frequently spend 23 hours a day confined to their stalls. This is often not much better than the increasingly attempted “species-appropriate” care in zoos—whatever that really means.
At least I try to present zoo animals, and animals in general, in a way that reveals their spirit and beauty, making my love for each of these creatures clear.
31.03.2022, 11:03   #6
Profilfoto
Karl-Heinz Sauer

@Olaf Hofmann Hello Olaf!
You’ve spoken right from the heart! I feel exactly the same way as you do. Thanks for your contribution!
Best regards, Okasa
01.04.2022, 11:20   #7

Amateur photographer

@Karl-Heinz Sauer That makes me happy 🙂 And I just realized I forgot a very important point: most of the people who complain about how terrible zoos are end up putting a "juicy" steak or a nice schnitzel on their plate at lunch... I probably don’t need to say more about that and the animal farming involved. Compared to that, zoos are truly a paradise!
 
01.05.2022, 21:23   #8
Profilfoto
Wolfram Sieber

Zoos come in many different forms. In a well-managed modern zoo, I believe animals live much more peacefully than they do in the wild. That might not be true for every case, but take lions as an example. A male lion is constantly fighting off rivals, and if he loses, his own offspring are often killed. Well, that’s nature—and it can be even harsher. Extended droughts can cause heavy losses in a pride, not to mention parasites like ticks, botflies, various biting flies, and mosquitoes. All of these take a toll on weakened animals. And then there are poachers. A lion cast out from its pride may slowly waste away over months until it dies, emaciated and weak. Unfortunately, there are still zoos where the conditions bring tears to your eyes. I enjoy photographing in smaller wildlife parks or enclosures that mainly house native animals in spacious habitats. What am I trying to say? Wildlife photography in zoos can be both rewarding and discouraging—it really depends on where you go.
02.05.2022, 08:04   #9
Profilfoto
Karl-Heinz Sauer

Wolfram, you really hit the nail on the head! Thanks!
Cheers, Okasa
02.05.2022, 11:20   #10
Profilfoto
Wolfram Sieber

@Karl-Heinz Sauer  I'm glad to hear that.
02.10.2022, 11:17   #11

Hobbyfotograf

In Andreas's question and the accompanying explanation, I see two fundamentally different issues:
The topic of keeping animals in zoos should be discussed elsewhere and requires not only considering mainstream opinions but also a fair amount of expertise. Of course, everyone’s personal stance on this is subjective.
The photographic question of how to capture an animal in a zoo clearly depends on the desired expression of the image. Do I want a photo that makes the animal appear as if it’s in the wild, or do I want to highlight the life (and suffering) of animals in captivity? Both approaches have their merits.
02.10.2022, 19:59   #12
I'm against zoo pictures. It just bothers me that a dolphin, which swims nearly 300 km a day in the wild, is confined to a 50-meter pool. Or to put it another way, a zebra runs about 100 km a day in its natural habitat—how is that supposed to work in a zoo?
Best, Carlo
02.10.2022, 20:11   #13

Hobbyfotograf

You're absolutely right about dolphins and zebras, Carlo. However, this isn't really a photography issue—it's, as I mentioned earlier, something that the relevant experts need to carefully consider regarding whether and how such animals should be kept in captivity. Here, we wanted to focus specifically on the photography side of things—how zoo photos should be composed. Of course, I fully respect and understand your position that, for the reasons you mentioned, you generally choose not to photograph in zoos.
06.10.2022, 22:34   #14

Hobbyfotograf

Whether it’s landscapes, macro shots, sports photography, or portraits, the goal is always to capture the main subject beautifully and in line with the photographic vision—without any distracting elements.
No one would think of ruining a photo of a beautiful building by including an obstructive construction sign. Everyone would simply change their shooting angle or take other steps to exclude the distracting element from the frame.
It all comes down to photographic skills—how and how perfectly this is achieved. The simplest solution is often just to move and find a better vantage point. Technically, we have shutter speed, focal length, and aperture at our disposal to get the desired result.
Like any other subject, zoo animals can also be shot carelessly, with ugly or inappropriate backgrounds or foregrounds. But a creative photographer can, in almost any zoo and enclosure, use the tools mentioned above intelligently to produce beautiful, appealing animal photos. Good equipment helps, but it’s not absolutely necessary. The range goes from smartphones to professional gear, and sometimes in borderline cases, a smartphone can outperform a professional camera with a macro lens.
If someone opposes zoos for ethical reasons, they shouldn’t go there to take photos. Expensive safari trips to well-known reserves don’t offer photos of truly wild animals either, since these reserves are essentially just very large zoos. Visitors are herded into jeeps and driven into the “enclosure” to see the animals.
It’s also worth considering the conservation role zoos play. For example, the beautiful Mhorr gazelle, which was ruthlessly hunted to just seven living individuals, has been brought back to a significant population through breeding programs. Everyone talks about species extinction, but when institutions like zoos work to prevent it, counterproductive arguments often arise.
The educational aspect of zoos is often overlooked as well. Seeing, explaining, and understanding animals—not just native species—is simply most practical in a zoo setting. As a former photographer working in a zoo, I know firsthand what is done to provide animals with as natural and comfortable an environment as possible.
07.10.2022, 13:33   #15
@Alfred
The issue isn’t really about the fundamental question of whether zoos are good or bad. It’s more about the photographic aspect.
Since there are occasionally some very absolute statements made here, I think it’s important to have a discussion and exchange views.
Thanks for bringing this topic back up.

@Norbert
Is it always about capturing the main subject without any distracting elements in the frame?
What exactly counts as a distracting element? Just the fence or the feeding trough, or the entire zoo?
For the animal in the zoo, the enclosure, cage, or aviary is its habitat. Isn’t it okay to show that as well?
That’s the core of my question, based on Günther’s statement: “If you’re going to photograph animals in a zoo, then do it so it doesn’t look like a zoo.”
I want to ask it differently: Do we really have to create an illusion?
Your example with the construction sign clearly aims to spoil the image. From my experience, distracting elements often go unnoticed when taking the shot. When you try to deliberately include or exclude something, it often becomes very difficult. For whatever reason.
07.10.2022, 13:46   #16

Hobbyfotograf

Wonderful! I'm really glad I could contribute a little to steering the discussion back to the original question. Even more exciting is that the photographic topic has now been abstracted and expanded to photography as a whole:

“If you're photographing animals in a zoo, do it in a way that doesn’t make it look like a zoo,”

and broadened to

“Do we need to create an illusion?”

I'm sure this fundamental photographic question will inspire many interesting discussions and opinions.
07.10.2022, 14:05   #17

Hobbyfotograf

Your question about illusion can definitely be answered with a yes. Images are always a representation of reality—an illusion, really. An illusion that reflects the individual perspective of the photographer on the subject. It all depends on what the eye behind the camera wants to convey. Should the defacement of a famous building by an ugly construction sign be shown in a kind of documentary style, or should the artistically majestic architecture be presented without distractions? When photographing animals in a zoo, the goal is either to convey the creature itself or its living conditions within the zoo to the viewer. Everyone has that freedom.

For me personally, it’s about capturing a photo that showcases the full splendor of a creature in its most natural habitat, without distracting elements like enclosure boundaries in the foreground. If someone doesn’t want that, they’re free to include all kinds of concrete or metal parts in their images. This can happen unintentionally due to lack of photographic skill or knowledge, or it can be a deliberate compositional choice.

I make it my mission to create images as free as possible from artifacts that I find distracting. This is often a challenge and more difficult than simply driving a jeep into a large enclosure to get close to a lion pride to capture the “true and genuine” animal photos.

My credo is this: zoo animal photos should come as close as possible to life in the wild. It can be tough, but it’s a skill that can be learned. If someone doesn’t want to do that, that’s their choice. “Art must be free” is a saying from the Vienna Secession artists like Otto Wagner and Egon Schiele. Everyone should respect that and avoid imposing rules on others.
22.01.2023, 17:10   #18

Hobbyfotograf

@Andreas F Distracting elements in a photo are those that clash with the vision I have for the image. I try to avoid them. Photographers have a variety of tools at their disposal for this. The most important method is probably choosing a better vantage point. Of course, there are also many options available later during post-processing. Alternatively, you can adjust your concept to incorporate the distracting element, so it no longer feels out of place. Ultimately, it depends on what you want to convey with your photo.
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